Summary: The cranial muscle is a critical component in the vertebrate head for a predatory lifestyle.However, its evolutionary origin and possible segmental nature during embryogenesis have been controversial.In jawed vertebrates, the presence of pre-otic segments similar to trunk somites has been claimed based on developmental observations.However
Liners Abstract Background Tetrapods exhibit great diversity in limb structures among species and also between forelimbs and hindlimbs within species, diversity which frequently correlates with locomotor modes and life history.We aim to examine the potential relation of changes in developmental timing (heterochrony) to the origin of limb morphologi
Nandina domestica (Berberidaceae) has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cough.This plant Air Tools is distributed in Korea, Japan, China, and India This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory phytochemicals obtained from the N.domestica fruits.We isolated a biflavonoid-type phytochemical, robustaflavone (R), from N.do